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CHANGE IN THE CHILTERNS
NATURAL AND SOCIAL HISTORY OF A COUNTRY PARISH: PRESTWOOD

Tony F Marshall

  • Contents
  • Illustrations
  • Family Index
  • Place Index
  • Subject Index
  • Introduction
  • Locating Prestwood
  • About this Book
  • Acknowledgements
  • Introduction
  • The Earth Beneath our Feet: Geology and Landscape
  • The Prehistory of Prestwood: before 1850
  • The geographical and historical setting
  • Land ownership
    • Gentleman landowners
    • Small property owners
    • Yeoman farmers
  • Land management
  • A comprehensive tour of the Parish of Prestwood, its properties and inhabitants, in 1851
    • Martins End to Hotley Bottom, Spring 1851
    • Hotley Bottom, Kiln Common, Honor End and west side of Prestwood Common to the Golden Ball
    • Golden Ball Public House to Holy Trinity Church, Peterley, and east side of Prestwood Common
    • South of Peterley
    • Denner Hill
  • 1851: overview
  • 1851 Overview
  • The Enclosures 1850-1900
    • The Loss of the Commons
    • Population
    • Economic Activity
    • The Leisured Classes
    • Community Life
    • Communications
    • Religion
    • The Families
  • The Community Builds 1900-1950
    • Portrait of Rural Life in the 1930s (by Winifred Peedle)
    • Prestwood Air Disaster 1944 (by Derek Sadler)
  • Boom and Bust? 1950-2000
  • Habitats
    • Woods
    • Orchards
    • Hedges & trees
    • Grassland & scrub
    • Acid & neutral grassland
    • Ponds
    • Disturbed land
  • Losses and gains: changes in wildlife over time
  • Unlucky for some?
  • Appendix I Act to Create the New Parish
  • Appendix II The Making of the Parish Map
  • Appendix III Hedge-dating
  • Appendix IV Pre-C20th Properties still extant in Prestwood 2000
  • Tony F Marshall
  • References
  • Annotated Index of Places
  • Index of Families
  • Index of Subjects
        0.1 Holy Trinity Church
        0.3 Map of the surrounding communities for Prestwood
        1.1 Map of the outline of Prestwood parish
        1.5 The three churches serving Prestwood before 1850
        2.1 Map of geological strata
        2.2 Band of flint in chalk; close-up of chalk and chalk-rock
        2.3 Hollow flint formed round fossil sponge; flint with quartz crystals in cavities
        2.4 Flint with chalcedony
        2.5 Range of flint types
        2.6 Flint pebble with iron ore veins; iron pyrites; iron ore nodule; old iron-ore quarry; marcasite nodule
        2.7 Fossil sponges
        2.8 Fossil brachiopods; fossil bivalves
        2.11 Fossil ammonites
        2.13 Fossil grastropod; sea urchin fossils
        2.15 Miscellaneous fossils
        2.16 Fossil worm borings in chalk; flint pebbles
        2.17 Sandy clay with pebbles
        2.18 Denner Hill stone
        2.19 Uses of Denner Hill stone
        2.20 Puddingstone
        2.22 Horse-operated pug-mill, Howard's brickyard
        2.24 Map of contours; view to north of parish
        2.25 Honor End Lane leaving parish
        2.26 Possible swallow-hole in Atkins Wood
        3.2 Flint tools
        3.3 Grim's Ditch; Roman finds
        3.4 Map of medieval Prestwood region
        3.8 Ditch and bank wood boundary
        3.9 Remains of medieval plough headlands
        3.17 Medieval finds
        3.21 John Hampden
        3.23 Seventeenth century finds; will of Thomas Honnor
        3.27 Extract from Thomas Jeffreys' map of 1766
        3.28 Extract from Bryant's map of 1824
        3.29 Extract from Ordnance Survey map of 1822
        5.1 Map of land ownership 1851
        5.5 Silhouettes of Francis Hawkins Cole and his wife
        6.1 Map of land management 1851
        6.4 Map of major farms 1851
        7(1).1 Missenden Abbey and Park
        7(1).2 High Street, Great Missenden c1908; Martins End Lane
        7(1).3 Map of 1851 tour, NE edge of parish
        7(1).4 Green Man pub 2018
        7(1).5 Green Man pub sign; Green Man Cottages 2000
        7(1).6 Andlows Farm 2000
        7(1).8 Honor Cottage 2018; Wright's house 2018
        7(1).9 Long Row 2000
        7(1).11 Pankridge 2019
        7(1).12 Old Flint Cottage 2018; John Essex's cottage 2000
        7(1).14 Moat Farm 2000; Wibner Pond 2000
        7(1).15 Hotley Bottom Farm & Farm Cottages 2000
        7(2).1 Back Lane (Greenlands Lane) 2011
        7(2).2 Map of 1851 tour, Kiln Common & west side of Prestwood Common
        7(2).3 Lodge Wood; Pepperboxes Lodge; The Glade
        7(2).4 Glebe Cottage 2018
        7(2).5 Elizabeth Cottages
        7(2).6 Zion Baptist churchyard 1995
        7(2).7 Sheepwash Pond 1930s
        7(2).8 Map of north boundary of Brand's Fee; Nanfans 1930s
        7(2).9 The Hangings 1930
        7(2).10 Nanfan Wood
        7(2).11 Hampden Farm 2000
        7(2).12 Greenlands Lane allotments 2008; Honor End Farm Cottage 1930s
        7(2).14 Old Chequers 2011
        7(2).15 Honnor Wood
        7(2).16 Prestwood Cottage orchard; Idaho Farm 2001; Idaho Farm meadow
        7(2).17 Golden Ball, West Wycombe
        7(3).1 Map of 1851 tour, Peterley and Holy TrinityChurch
        7(3).2 Mill Cottage 1925, with Mrs Dorsett
        7(3).3 Collings Hanger Barn 2000; Prestwood Park c1920
        7(3).4 The Parsonage 2005
        7(3).5 Holy Trinity Church 2016; The Hollies 2000
        7(3).6 Oak Beams 2000 and neighbouring path to pond
        7(3).7 The Polecat 2011; Polecat orchard 2000
        7(3).9 Peterley House 1913
        7(3).10 Crooks Wood edge
        7(3).11 Coachman's and Servants' Cottages at Peterley
        7(3).12 "The Power of Maternal Affection" by HE Dawes; Dormer coat-of-arms
        7(3).13 Neardwood Farm 2013
        7(3).14 Sainfoin; interrupted brome; Stoney Rock Plantation
        7(3).15 Sandwich Wood and chalk pit; Hobbshill Lane
        7(3).16 Atkins Farm 2000; Nairdwood Cottages 2018
        7(3).17 Church Path under snow 2009
        7(3).18 Cedar Cottages 2013
        7(3).19 Thimble Cottages 2000
        7(4).1 Map of 1851 tour, south of Peterley
        7(4).2 Crooks Wood; Gibbons's Farm 2000
        7(4).3 Ninneywood Farm and ponds 2007/2017
        7(4).5 Hatches Farm old barn 2000
        7(4).6 Hatches Farm Cottages 2015; cottages off Hatches Lane
        7(4).10 Site of saw-mill 2017
        7(4).11 Cottage at Heath End 2017; Longfield Wood and Stonygreen Farm
        7(5).1 Map of 1851 tour, Denner Hill
        7(5).2 Mead's Garden
        7(5).3 Stonygreen Cottages; The Plough (now Stony Green Farm); Boundary hedge, Nanfans
        7(5).4 Clay Markins Wood and Nanfan Wood; Hangings Lane, early C20th
        7(5).5 Denner Hill Common pond 2000
        7(5).6 Rickyard Cottage 2000; Dennerhill Farm 2000
        7(5).8 Saw-pit in Piggotts Wood
        8.5 Bodgers c1910
        8.7 Lace-maker
        8.10 Page from 1861 census
        9.4 Map of North Prestwood 1900
        9.5 Map of South Prestwood 1900
        9.6 Bryants Bottom valley and Denner Hill; Chiltern Cottage
        9.7 The Roses
        9.12 Groom's brickyard: digging clay
        9.14 Stonygreen Hall and Stony Green; Prestwood Lodge early C20th
        9.17 Blakiston/Rochfort coat-of-arms
        9.18 Bryants Bottom Methodist Chapel 1999
        9.19 Corner of High Street and Moat Lane, late C19th
        9.20 Prestwood Methodist Church c1900
        9.21 Flint Cottage
        9.22 Hampden Monument, c1930 & 1995
        9.23 Hussey coat-of-arms
        9.26 Prestwood Church chool class c1902
        9.34 Gravestone of George and Sarah Babb; Beeson's gates at Andlows Farm
        9.35 Autumn Cottage c1910
        9.36 The Chequers c1900
        9.38 Groom's brickyard c1900 with Solomon Groom
        9.39 Ruth Brown, later Ruth Groom
        9.42 Gravestone of Henry and Anne Redrup
        9.45 Wedding of Albert Wright and Gertrude Taylor
        9.48 Thomas Ayres at his smithy
        9.51 Hildreths and Wests at the Polecat
        9.56 John Lacey 1871
        9.60 Gravestone of Ruth Saunders (née Brown)
        9.61 Gravestone of Richard and Mary Ann Stevens
        9.62 Alfred J. Tompkins at the former Golden Ball
        9.64 Mary Ann Wright
        9.66 Emma Smith
        9.67 Arthur Smith harrowing on Denner Hill
        9.69 Gravestone of Felix Charles Adams
        9.74 Emily Gibbons and her daughters
        9.77 Alfred Lane
        9.78 Gravestone of Frederick Mason and his son Joseph
        10.2-6 Pupils of the Church School 1902-1905
        10.7 Graph of increase in housing 1841-1961
        10.8 Prestwood High Street c1900; The Chequers 1911
        10.9 Montrose and Belmont Cottages; Arlington Cottages; Excelsior Cottage & Zoran's Bakery
        10.10 Chestnut, Christmas and Drover's Cottages; Maple Cottage; September & Ivy Cottages
        10.11 Nanfans early C20th;The Gables
        10.12 Honor End Lane, early C20th and in 2018
        10.14 Foundation stone of nurse's home in Sixty Acres Road
        10.15 Chestnuts c1910; shop of HJ Jordan c1916
        10.16 Crossroads Garage 1950s & 2006; Prestwood High Street from Nairdwood Lane Corner, 1930s
        10.17 Prestwood High Street from Nairdwood Lane Corner, 2018; Haven Stores c1930
        10.19 Joan Axten, née Peedle; Albert G. Phillips
        10.21 Rupert Stevens butchering
        10.23 Atkins Wood 2007
        10.24 Bodger TH Gomme at work, Lodge Wood
        10.25 Owen Smith and his wife 1920
        10.26 Nimble Dick cherries
        10.27 Heath End Road cherry orchards 1935
        10.29 Howard Bedford iron plough (Peterley Manor Farm)
        10.30 Wren Davis milkman, late 1930s; Jersey cows on Wren Davis farm 2001
        10.31 Faith, Rex and David Davis selling ice-creams; steam traction engine at Collings Hanger Farm
        10.32 The Limes; Stevens Butchers, High Wycombe
        10.33 Greenside 2014; Gaybirds Pheasant Farm c1912
        10.34 Herbert Groom
        10.35 Harvest in Beeson's field (Andlows Farm) 1921
        10.36 Pugmill at Samuel Howard's brickyard c1927; fancy brickwork and ironwork gate, Kiln Lodge 2006
        10.37 Hildreth's forge c1901
        10.38 Biggs and Sons haulage yard
        10.39 Lewis homewares shop, High Street 1930s;  Travellers Rest c1930
        10.40 JB Rance, butchers; Free's grocers in Great Kingshill
        10.41 Ice-cream delivery 1934
        10.42 Prestwood Church School class c1905
        10.43 Prestwood Church School classes 1905
        10.44 Moat Lane School c1908
        10.45 Prestwood Park
        10.46 Kingshill Cricket Club 1907
        10.47 Silver Jubilee 1935: Travellers Rest decorated & procession in Great Kingshill
        10.48 Prestwood Village Hall 2000, the year of the Millennium Clock
        11.2 Mr Buckland in Howard's brickyard
        11.3 Map of Prestwood Parish 2000
        11.4 Modern home on Lodge Lane
        11.5 Westrick Walk - old Prestwood Common boundary
        11.6 Fallen oak on Westrick Walk 2010; Prestwood Nature's wildlife-friendly garden at Greenlands Lane allotments 2016
        11.7 Chequers Lane allotments 2007; Nairdwood Lane allotments
        11.8 Orchard at Andlows 2000; orchard at Collings Hanger Farm 1950s
        11.9 Orchard at The Polecat 2006; orchard at Greenlands Lane; planting the community orchard 2008
        11.10 Sheepwash 1930s and in 2007
        11.11 Sheepwash 2011 after restoration
        11.12 Lawrence Grove 2013
        11.14 Farmer Giles factory c1980; Giles Gate 2018
        11.16 Rex Davis and his donkey
        11.17 Tamworth pig, Collings Hanger farm; tree planting in Prestwood Park; Herdwick sheep from Hampden Bottom
        11.18 Wood spurge and old cherry tree, Nanfan Wood; re-planting hedgerow, Collings Hanger Farm; old Napoleon Whiteheart cherry     in Collings Hanger Orchard
        11.19 Old barn, Collings Hanger Farm before restoration; old barn under reconstruction 2019; mobile milking cow for school visits
        11.20 Apple-bobbing, Apple Day 2009, Collings Hanger Farm; Peterley Manor Farm
        11.21 Fields at Honor End; John Priest
        11.23 Clement Atlee in Prestwood Village Hall 1952
        11.26 Map of footpaths and bridleways (extract from Walkers' and Riders' Map 2003)
        11.27 Chequers Parade 2019; old outbuilding at The Chequers demolished 2000; Royal Oak, Great Kingshill 1993
        11.28 Malcolm Hildreth woodcarvings
        11.29 Prestwood Picnic Site
        11.30 Prestwood Lodge School 2006; Quilter House 2013
        11.31 Abandoned footpath, Brickfields
        12.1 Perks Lane seen from Hockey Field
        12.3 Nanfan Wood
        12.4 Pollard beeches, Little Hampden Common
        12.5 Yellow pimpernel
        12.6 Wild service tree
        12.7 Deathcap; fly agaric
        12.8 Acorns; oak galls
        12.9 Wayfaring-tree; guelder-rose
        12.10 Red fox; polecat
        12.11 Lodge Wood in winter
        12.12 Atkins Wood in autumn
        12.13 Narrow buckler-fern; hornbeam trunk
        12.14 Common spotted orchid; coralroot
        12.15 Egg-shell slime-mould
        12.16 Old orchard, Greenlands Lane
        12.17 Green hellebore; moschatel
        12.18 Pipistrelle; male blackbird
        12.20 Midland hawthorn; hawthorn
        12.21 Lactarius circellatus toadstool
        12.23 Oak on Wycombe Road
        12.24 Lucombe oak in Prestwood Park
        12.25 Chicken of the woods on old cherry; beefsteak fungus on old oak
        12.26 Betony; devil's-bit scabious
        12.28 Green hairstreak; dingy skipper; ivy bee; Abida secale snail-shells
        12.29 Common lizard
        12.30 Cowslips at Prestwood Picnic Site; common milkwort; bee orchid; man orchid
        12.31 Chiltern gentian; sweetbriar
        12.32 Sainfoin; grass vetchling
        12.33 Pignut; harebell
        12.35 Corky-fruited water-dropwort; lady's-smock
        12.36 Pink waxcap and drab bonnet; tormentil; gold waxcap; parrot waxcap; snowy waxcap
        12.38 Peterley Manor Farm pond
        12.39 Yellow iris; celery-leaved buttercup; reed
        12.40 Marsh marigold; Wibner Pond 1995 with variegated sweet-grass
        12.41 Frogs; great crested newt
        12.42 Mallards; moorhen; southern hawker dragonfly; great diving beetle
        12.43 Helophilus pendulus hoverfly; giant ram's-horn snail
        12.45 Sheepwash Pond 2011
        12.46 Common fumitory; sun spurge; scentless mayweed
        12.47 Edible dormouse; polecat
        12.48 Sleeping beauty; love-in-a-mist; water bent; white dead-nettle
        12.49 Commonest garden birds: robin; blue tit; blackbird
        12.50 Less common garden birds: song thrush; jackdaw; goldcrest; green woodpecker. Median wasp
        12.51 Goldfinches on teasel; hoary cress
        12.52 Cinnabar moth caterpillars; bramble with white-tailed bumble-bee and longhorn beetle
        12.53 Wall-rue; hart's-tongue fern
        12.55 Heath violet; heather at Holy Trinity churchyard
        12.56 Stinging nettle; cow parsley
        12.58 Tree bumble-bee; Roessel's bush-cricket
        13.5 Sunset over Prestwood May 2014
        Ap.7 Desmond Keen and the Prestwood Parish Map
        Ap.9 Ancient hedge from Nanfans to Nanfan Wood
        Tony F Marshall
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