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CHANGE IN THE CHILTERNS
NATURAL AND SOCIAL HISTORY OF A COUNTRY PARISH: PRESTWOOD
Tony F Marshall
Contents
Illustrations
Family Index
Place Index
Subject Index
Preface
Introduction
Locating Prestwood
About this Book
Acknowledgements
History of the land and its people before 1850
Introduction
The Earth Beneath our Feet:
Geology
and
Landscape
The
Prehistory
of Prestwood: before 1850
Snapshot at the Birth of a Parish: 1851
The geographical and historical setting
Land ownership
Gentleman landowners
Small property owners
Yeoman farmers
Land management
A comprehensive tour of the Parish of Prestwood, its properties and inhabitants, in 1851
Martins End to Hotley Bottom, Spring 1851
Hotley Bottom, Kiln Common, Honor End and west side of Prestwood Common to the Golden Ball
Golden Ball Public House to Holy Trinity Church, Peterley, and east side of Prestwood Common
South of Peterley
Denner Hill
1851: overview
Prestwood after 1851
1851 Overview
The Enclosures 1850-1900
The Loss of the Commons
Population
Economic Activity
The Leisured Classes
Community Life
Communications
Religion
The Families
The Community Builds 1900-1950
Portrait of Rural Life in the 1930s (by Winifred Peedle)
Prestwood Air Disaster 1944 (by Derek Sadler)
Boom and Bust? 1950-2000
Natural History
Habitats
Woods
Orchards
Hedges & trees
Grassland
& scrub
Acid & neutral grassland
Ponds
Disturbed land
Losses and gains: changes in wildlife over time
The Future
Unlucky for some?
Appendices
Appendix I Act to Create the New Parish
Appendix II The Making of the Parish Map
Appendix III Hedge-dating
Appendix IV Pre-C20
th
Properties still extant in Prestwood 2000
About the Author
Tony F Marshall
Bibliography
References
Indices
Annotated Index of Places
Index of Families
Index of Subjects
0.1 Holy Trinity Church
0.3 Map of the surrounding communities for Prestwood
1.1 Map of the outline of Prestwood parish
1.5 The three churches serving Prestwood before 1850
2.1 Map of geological strata
2.2 Band of flint in chalk; close-up of chalk and chalk-rock
2.3 Hollow flint formed round fossil sponge; flint with quartz crystals in cavities
2.4
Flint
with chalcedony
2.5 Range of flint types
2.6
Flint
pebble with iron ore veins; iron pyrites; iron ore nodule; old iron-ore quarry; marcasite nodule
2.7 Fossil sponges
2.8 Fossil brachiopods; fossil bivalves
2.11 Fossil ammonites
2.13 Fossil grastropod; sea urchin fossils
2.15 Miscellaneous fossils
2.16 Fossil worm borings in chalk; flint pebbles
2.17 Sandy clay with pebbles
2.18
Denner Hill stone
2.19 Uses of
Denner Hill stone
2.20
Puddingstone
2.22 Horse-operated pug-mill, Howard's brickyard
2.24 Map of contours; view to north of parish
2.25 Honor End Lane leaving parish
2.26 Possible swallow-hole in Atkins Wood
3.2
Flint
tools
3.3 Grim's Ditch; Roman finds
3.4 Map of medieval Prestwood region
3.8 Ditch and bank wood boundary
3.9 Remains of medieval plough headlands
3.17 Medieval finds
3.21 John Hampden
3.23 Seventeenth century finds; will of Thomas Honnor
3.27 Extract from Thomas Jeffreys' map of 1766
3.28 Extract from Bryant's map of 1824
3.29 Extract from Ordnance Survey map of 1822
5.1 Map of land ownership 1851
5.5 Silhouettes of Francis Hawkins Cole and his wife
6.1 Map of land management 1851
6.4 Map of major farms 1851
7(1).1 Missenden Abbey and Park
7(1).2 High Street, Great Missenden c1908; Martins End Lane
7(1).3 Map of 1851 tour, NE edge of parish
7(1).4 Green Man pub 2018
7(1).5 Green Man pub sign; Green Man Cottages 2000
7(1).6 Andlows Farm 2000
7(1).8 Honor Cottage 2018; Wright's house 2018
7(1).9 Long Row 2000
7(1).11 Pankridge 2019
7(1).12 Old
Flint
Cottage 2018; John Essex's cottage 2000
7(1).14 Moat Farm 2000; Wibner Pond 2000
7(1).15 Hotley Bottom Farm & Farm Cottages 2000
7(2).1 Back Lane (Greenlands Lane) 2011
7(2).2 Map of 1851 tour, Kiln Common & west side of Prestwood Common
7(2).3 Lodge Wood; Pepperboxes Lodge; The Glade
7(2).4 Glebe Cottage 2018
7(2).5 Elizabeth Cottages
7(2).6 Zion Baptist churchyard 1995
7(2).7 Sheepwash Pond 1930s
7(2).8 Map of north boundary of Brand's Fee; Nanfans 1930s
7(2).9 The Hangings 1930
7(2).10 Nanfan Wood
7(2).11 Hampden Farm 2000
7(2).12 Greenlands Lane allotments 2008; Honor End Farm Cottage 1930s
7(2).14 Old
Chequers
2011
7(2).15 Honnor Wood
7(2).16 Prestwood Cottage orchard; Idaho Farm 2001; Idaho Farm meadow
7(2).17 Golden Ball, West Wycombe
7(3).1 Map of 1851 tour, Peterley and Holy TrinityChurch
7(3).2 Mill Cottage 1925, with Mrs Dorsett
7(3).3 Collings Hanger Barn 2000; Prestwood Park c1920
7(3).4 The Parsonage 2005
7(3).5 Holy Trinity Church 2016; The Hollies 2000
7(3).6
Oak
Beams 2000 and neighbouring path to pond
7(3).7 The
Polecat
2011;
Polecat
orchard 2000
7(3).9 Peterley House 1913
7(3).10 Crooks Wood edge
7(3).11 Coachman's and Servants' Cottages at Peterley
7(3).12 "The Power of Maternal Affection" by HE Dawes; Dormer coat-of-arms
7(3).13 Neardwood Farm 2013
7(3).14 Sainfoin; interrupted brome; Stoney Rock Plantation
7(3).15 Sandwich Wood and chalk pit; Hobbshill Lane
7(3).16 Atkins Farm 2000; Nairdwood Cottages 2018
7(3).17 Church Path under snow 2009
7(3).18 Cedar Cottages 2013
7(3).19 Thimble Cottages 2000
7(4).1 Map of 1851 tour, south of Peterley
7(4).2 Crooks Wood; Gibbons's Farm 2000
7(4).3 Ninneywood Farm and ponds 2007/2017
7(4).5 Hatches Farm old barn 2000
7(4).6 Hatches Farm Cottages 2015; cottages off Hatches Lane
7(4).10 Site of saw-mill 2017
7(4).11 Cottage at Heath End 2017; Longfield Wood and Stonygreen Farm
7(5).1 Map of 1851 tour, Denner Hill
7(5).2 Mead's Garden
7(5).3 Stonygreen Cottages; The Plough (now Stony Green Farm); Boundary hedge, Nanfans
7(5).4 Clay Markins Wood and Nanfan Wood; Hangings Lane, early C20
th
7(5).5 Denner Hill Common pond 2000
7(5).6 Rickyard Cottage 2000; Dennerhill Farm 2000
7(5).8 Saw-pit in Piggotts Wood
8.5
Bodgers
c1910
8.7 Lace-maker
8.10 Page from 1861 census
9.4 Map of North Prestwood 1900
9.5 Map of South Prestwood 1900
9.6 Bryants Bottom valley and Denner Hill; Chiltern Cottage
9.7 The Roses
9.12 Groom's brickyard: digging clay
9.14 Stonygreen Hall and Stony Green; Prestwood Lodge early C20
th
9.17 Blakiston/Rochfort coat-of-arms
9.18 Bryants Bottom Methodist Chapel 1999
9.19 Corner of High Street and Moat Lane, late C19
th
9.20 Prestwood Methodist Church c1900
9.21
Flint
Cottage
9.22 Hampden Monument, c1930 & 1995
9.23 Hussey coat-of-arms
9.26 Prestwood Church
chool class c1902
9.34 Gravestone of George and Sarah Babb; Beeson's gates at Andlows Farm
9.35 Autumn Cottage c1910
9.36 The
Chequers
c1900
9.38 Groom's brickyard c1900 with Solomon Groom
9.39 Ruth Brown, later Ruth Groom
9.42 Gravestone of Henry and Anne Redrup
9.45 Wedding of Albert Wright and Gertrude Taylor
9.48 Thomas Ayres at his smithy
9.51 Hildreths and Wests at the
Polecat
9.56 John Lacey 1871
9.60 Gravestone of Ruth Saunders (née Brown)
9.61 Gravestone of Richard and Mary Ann Stevens
9.62 Alfred J. Tompkins at the former Golden Ball
9.64 Mary Ann Wright
9.66 Emma Smith
9.67 Arthur Smith harrowing on Denner Hill
9.69 Gravestone of Felix Charles Adams
9.74 Emily Gibbons and her daughters
9.77 Alfred Lane
9.78 Gravestone of Frederick Mason and his son Joseph
10.2-6 Pupils of the Church School 1902-1905
10.7 Graph of increase in housing 1841-1961
10.8 Prestwood High Street c1900; The
Chequers
1911
10.9 Montrose and Belmont Cottages; Arlington Cottages; Excelsior Cottage & Zoran's Bakery
10.10 Chestnut, Christmas and Drover's Cottages; Maple Cottage; September & Ivy Cottages
10.11 Nanfans early C20
th
;The Gables
10.12 Honor End Lane, early C20
th
and in 2018
10.14 Foundation stone of nurse's home in Sixty Acres Road
10.15 Chestnuts c1910; shop of HJ Jordan c1916
10.16 Crossroads Garage 1950s & 2006; Prestwood High Street from Nairdwood Lane Corner, 1930s
10.17 Prestwood High Street from Nairdwood Lane Corner, 2018; Haven Stores c1930
10.19 Joan Axten, née Peedle; Albert G. Phillips
10.21 Rupert Stevens butchering
10.23 Atkins Wood 2007
10.24 Bodger TH Gomme at work, Lodge Wood
10.25 Owen Smith and his wife 1920
10.26 Nimble Dick cherries
10.27 Heath End Road cherry orchards 1935
10.29 Howard Bedford iron plough (Peterley Manor Farm)
10.30 Wren Davis milkman, late 1930s; Jersey cows on Wren Davis farm 2001
10.31 Faith, Rex and David Davis selling ice-creams; steam traction engine at Collings Hanger Farm
10.32 The Limes; Stevens Butchers, High Wycombe
10.33 Greenside 2014; Gaybirds Pheasant Farm c1912
10.34 Herbert Groom
10.35 Harvest in Beeson's field (Andlows Farm) 1921
10.36 Pugmill at Samuel Howard's brickyard c1927; fancy brickwork and ironwork gate, Kiln Lodge 2006
10.37 Hildreth's forge c1901
10.38 Biggs and Sons haulage yard
10.39 Lewis homewares shop, High Street 1930s; Travellers Rest c1930
10.40 JB Rance, butchers; Free's grocers in Great Kingshill
10.41 Ice-cream delivery 1934
10.42 Prestwood Church School class c1905
10.43 Prestwood Church School classes 1905
10.44 Moat Lane School c1908
10.45 Prestwood Park
10.46 Kingshill Cricket Club 1907
10.47 Silver Jubilee 1935: Travellers Rest decorated & procession in Great Kingshill
10.48 Prestwood Village Hall 2000, the year of the Millennium Clock
11.2 Mr Buckland in Howard's brickyard
11.3 Map of Prestwood Parish 2000
11.4 Modern home on Lodge Lane
11.5 Westrick Walk - old Prestwood Common boundary
11.6 Fallen oak on Westrick Walk 2010;
Prestwood Nature
's wildlife-friendly garden at Greenlands Lane allotments 2016
11.7
Chequers
Lane allotments 2007; Nairdwood Lane allotments
11.8 Orchard at Andlows 2000; orchard at Collings Hanger Farm 1950s
11.9 Orchard at The
Polecat
2006; orchard at Greenlands Lane; planting the community orchard 2008
11.10 Sheepwash 1930s and in 2007
11.11 Sheepwash 2011 after restoration
11.12 Lawrence Grove 2013
11.14 Farmer Giles factory c1980; Giles Gate 2018
11.16 Rex Davis and his donkey
11.17 Tamworth pig, Collings Hanger farm; tree planting in Prestwood Park; Herdwick sheep from Hampden Bottom
11.18 Wood spurge and old cherry tree, Nanfan Wood; re-planting hedgerow, Collings Hanger Farm; old Napoleon Whiteheart cherry in Collings Hanger Orchard
11.19 Old barn, Collings Hanger Farm before restoration; old barn under reconstruction 2019; mobile milking cow for school visits
11.20 Apple-bobbing, Apple Day 2009, Collings Hanger Farm; Peterley Manor Farm
11.21 Fields at Honor End; John Priest
11.23 Clement Atlee in Prestwood Village Hall 1952
11.26 Map of footpaths and bridleways (extract from Walkers' and Riders' Map 2003)
11.27
Chequers
Parade 2019; old outbuilding at The
Chequers
demolished 2000; Royal
Oak
, Great Kingshill 1993
11.28 Malcolm Hildreth woodcarvings
11.29 Prestwood Picnic Site
11.30 Prestwood Lodge School 2006; Quilter House 2013
11.31 Abandoned footpath, Brickfields
12.1 Perks Lane seen from Hockey Field
12.3 Nanfan Wood
12.4 Pollard beeches, Little Hampden Common
12.5 Yellow pimpernel
12.6
Wild service
tree
12.7 Deathcap; fly agaric
12.8 Acorns; oak galls
12.9 Wayfaring-tree; guelder-rose
12.10 Red fox; polecat
12.11 Lodge Wood in winter
12.12 Atkins Wood in autumn
12.13 Narrow buckler-fern; hornbeam trunk
12.14 Common spotted orchid; coralroot
12.15 Egg-shell slime-mould
12.16 Old orchard, Greenlands Lane
12.17 Green hellebore; moschatel
12.18 Pipistrelle; male blackbird
12.20 Midland hawthorn; hawthorn
12.21
Lactarius circellatus
toadstool
12.23
Oak
on Wycombe Road
12.24 Lucombe oak in Prestwood Park
12.25 Chicken of the woods on old cherry; beefsteak fungus on old oak
12.26 Betony; devil's-bit scabious
12.28 Green hairstreak; dingy skipper; ivy bee;
Abida secale
snail-shells
12.29 Common lizard
12.30
Cowslips
at Prestwood Picnic Site; common milkwort; bee orchid; man orchid
12.31 Chiltern gentian; sweetbriar
12.32 Sainfoin; grass vetchling
12.33 Pignut; harebell
12.35 Corky-fruited water-dropwort; lady's-smock
12.36 Pink waxcap and drab bonnet; tormentil; gold waxcap; parrot waxcap; snowy waxcap
12.38 Peterley Manor Farm pond
12.39 Yellow iris; celery-leaved buttercup; reed
12.40 Marsh marigold; Wibner Pond 1995 with variegated sweet-grass
12.41 Frogs; great crested newt
12.42 Mallards; moorhen; southern hawker dragonfly; great diving beetle
12.43
Helophilus pendulus
hoverfly; giant ram's-horn snail
12.45 Sheepwash Pond 2011
12.46 Common fumitory; sun spurge; scentless mayweed
12.47 Edible dormouse; polecat
12.48 Sleeping beauty; love-in-a-mist; water bent; white dead-nettle
12.49 Commonest garden birds: robin; blue tit; blackbird
12.50 Less common garden birds: song thrush; jackdaw; goldcrest; green woodpecker. Median wasp
12.51 Goldfinches on teasel; hoary cress
12.52 Cinnabar moth caterpillars; bramble with white-tailed bumble-bee and longhorn beetle
12.53 Wall-rue; hart's-tongue fern
12.55 Heath violet; heather at Holy Trinity churchyard
12.56 Stinging nettle; cow parsley
12.58 Tree bumble-bee; Roessel's bush-cricket
13.5 Sunset over Prestwood May 2014
Ap.7 Desmond Keen and the Prestwood Parish Map
Ap.9 Ancient hedge from Nanfans to Nanfan Wood
Tony F Marshall
...